How Object-Oriented Programming Started

by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard, Dept. of Informatics, University of Oslo

SIMULA I (1962-65) and Simula 67 (1967) are the two first object-oriented languages. Simula 67 introduced most of the key concepts of object-oriented programming: both objects and classes, subclasses (usually referred to as inheritance) and virtual procedures, combined with safe referencing and mechanisms for bringing into a program collections of program structures described under a common class heading (prefixed blocks).

The Simula languages were developed at the Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Nygaard's work in Operational Research in the 1950s and early 1960s created the need for precise tools for the description and simulation of complex man-machine systems. In 1961 the idea emerged for developing a language that both could be used for system description (for people) and for system prescription (as a computer program through a compiler). Such a language had to contain an algorithmic language, and Dahl's knowledge of compilers became essential.

The SIMULA I compiler was partially financed by UNIVAC and was ready in January 1965. SIMULA I quickly got a reputation as a simulation programming language, but turned out in addition to posess interesting properties as a general programming language. When the inheritance mechanism was invented in 1967, Simula 67 was developed as a general programming language that also could be specialised for many domains, including system simulation. Simula 67 compilers started to appear for UNIVAC, IBM, Control Data, Burroughs, DEC and other computers in the early 1970s.

Simula 67 still is being used many places around the world, but its main impact has been through introducing one of the main categories of programming, more generally labelled object-oriented programming. Simula concepts have been important in the discussion of abstract data types and of models for concurrent program execution, starting in the early 1970s. Simula 67 and modifications of Simula were used in the design of VLSI circuitry (Intel, Caltech, Stanford). Alan Kay's group at Xerox PARC used Simula as a platform for their development of Smalltalk (first language versions in the 1970s), extending object-oriented programming importantly by the integration of graphical user interfaces and interactive program execution. Bjarne Stroustrup started his development of C++ (in the 1980s) by bringing the key concepts of Simula into the C programming language. Simula has also inspired much work in the area of program component reuse and the construction of program libraries.

In the 1980s tremendous resources were put behind the ADA language (US Department of Defense) and PROLOG (the Japanese "Fifth Generation Computer Project"), and many believed that ADA and PROLOG would fight for dominance in the 1990s. Instead object-oriented programming is today (in the late 1990s) becoming the dominant style for implementing complex programs with large numbers of interacting components. Among the multitude of object-oriented language are Eiffel (B. Meyer) , CLOS (D. Bobrow and G. Kiczales), SELF (D. Ungar and others). In particular the Internet-related Java (developed by Sun) has rapidly become widely used in recent years. BETA (B. Bruun-Kristensen, O. Lehrmann Madsen, B. Møller-Pedersen and K. Nygaard) is a very general object-oriented language in the Simula tradition.

Developing on USB memory sticks

Jeff Atwood from Coding Horror fame recently wrote about USB memory sticks and why we don’t ‘yet’ put our whole computing environment one a flash drive. Basically it comes down to speed according to him. Personally, for the last year or so with no problems, I’ve been using my memory stick to store development code on so that I can easily work between different machines. At work I check the code out onto the stick, take it out and work disconnect at home on another machine. Next morning I just plug in my stick and commit the changes to the repository. Obviously the environment needs tweaking, for instance when dealing with databases etc. Also check the company policy regarding security.

Sell For The New I T Product- (Potable Wireless AP)

Post Date:
Nov 21, 2007
Expiry Date:
Nov 19, 2008
Company Info
Company Published: 2005Online Postings: Products (17), Selling Leads (1)Country/Territory: South KoreaBusiness Type: Manufacturer, Trading Company, Distributor/Wholesaler, Business Service (Transportation, finance, travel, Ads, etc)Number of Employees: 11 - 50 People

Detailed Selling Lead Description

We makes your Life More Easy.

The Product is a Portable Wireless Access Point (AP) device and very simple to use.

Just plug NSK USB WiFi dongle into your internet-enabled PC, and it will install and configure the device itself without having you install any drivers.

This will create a Wireless Access Point for devices, such as desktop PC, PDA, Notebook.

^{We make the first Portabke Wireless Access Point product in the world.}

1. Overview

The Product(NSK) is a Portable Wireless Access Point (AP) device and very simple to use.
Just plug NSK USB WiFi dongle into your internet-enabled PC, and it will install
and configure the device itself without having you install any drivers.
This will create a Wireless Access Point for devices, such as Desktop PC, PDA, Notebook.

2. Description

Minimum System Requirements
OS : Microsoft Windows (Win 98SE/ME/2000/XP/XP64)
CPU : Pentium 133Mhz
MEMORY : 64MB

Specifications
IEEE 802.11b/g
Wi-Fi Alliance

3. Marketing Point

1. When you want to use your Notebook or PDA devices from home.
2. While visiting client site and trying to use a wireless Internet connection.
3. When your device doesn? have a built in wireless and want to connect to the internet.
4. When you are over at your friend? house and want to place network game.
5. When you are at public place like library or cafe and want to setup a share network.
6. You want to setup an internet connection for your client at your office.
7. When you want to use KAI Network and play SONY PSP.
8. When it is too difficult for you to setup and use wireless network.
9. When you are at the Hotspot zone and you want to setup an internet connections for your friends.
10. When you don? have a network setup and want to copy over an over sized files.

We are looking forward to seeing your offer.

Thanks B regards

Helen,Lee

General Manager Overseas dept

Bogo Interantional Kore

Five Thousand Bucks for Your Genome

A new sequencing service could change the face of human genomics.

Starting next spring, a complete human-genome sequence can be ordered for just $5,000, thanks to a new sequencing service announced by Complete Genomics, a startup based in Mountain View, CA. The stunning price drop--sequencing currently costs approximately 20 times that amount--could completely change the way that human-genomics research is done and open up new possibilities in personalized medicine. Researchers say that a $5,000 genome would enable new studies to identify rare genetic variants linked to common diseases, and it could open up the sequencing market to diagnostic and pharmaceutical companies, making genome sequencing a routine part of clinical drug testing.

Complete Genomics, which has received $46 million in venture funding to date and has largely stayed under the radar, plans to launch with a bang and anticipates the capacity to sequence 1,000 genomes in 2009 and 20,000 in 2010. That would represent a massive jump: with a price tag of $100,000 to $1 million over the past two years, only a handful of human genomes have been sequenced to date.

"Suddenly, these guys are talking about sequencing hundreds to thousands of genomes in the next couple of years," says Chad Nusbaum, codirector of the Genome Sequencing and Analysis program at the Broad Institute, in Cambridge, MA. "That opens up tremendous vistas for the kind of science we want to do. It's really by generating hundreds of human-genome sequences that you can start to ask hard questions about human genetics."

Complete Genomics says that it has already sequenced a human genome, although it has not yet released the data for independent review. "'Stunning' is not too strong a word, if they can do it in the very near term," says Jeffrey Schloss, program director for technology development at the U.S. National Human Genome Research Institute, on the possibility of a $5,000 genome. "But I haven't seen any data and I don't know anyone who has, which is of course critical."
J. Craig Venter, founder of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in Rockville, MD, is working with Complete Genomics to validate its technology, comparing the sequence that it generates with a reference sequence of his own genome.

Complete Genomics says that its cheap price tag comes thanks to two innovations: a way to densely pack DNA, developed by Rade Drmanac, the company's chief scientific officer, and a method to randomly read DNA letters, based on sequencing technology developed at George Church's lab at Harvard.
To start with, an 80-base-pair piece of DNA is inserted into a circular piece of synthetic DNA and replicated 1,000 times with a specialized enzyme. That large aggregate of DNA spontaneously compresses into a tightly packed ball, thanks to chemical characteristics engineered into the synthetic DNA. These DNA "nanoballs" are then packed onto specially fabricated arrays with unprecedented density--about a billion balls fit on a chip the size of a microscope slide. The high density of DNA allows large volumes to be sequenced quickly with few reagents, one of the most costly components of the process.

Next, as with other approaches, Complete Genomics determines the sequence of the target DNA using a series of fluorescently labeled DNA strands designed to bind to corresponding letters. But while advanced sequencing technologies currently in use--including those from Illumina, Applied Biosystems, and 454--read the sequence sequentially, letter by letter, Complete Genomics's labels bind to the target DNA randomly. Both the labels and the DNA circle are designed to allow scientists to deduce the position of each highlighted base--information that is then used to computationally reconstruct the sequence of the target DNA. (With both Complete Genomics's and other companies' methods, the short strands are computationally stitched together to generate the entire genome sequence.)

STNet Your ENTERPRISE I.T. SOLUTION PROVIDER

Welcome!

STNet is a full service Information Technologycompany; committed to providing our clients with the best possible IT solutions. We specialize in delivering quality IT consulting services and IT Training in both the federal government and commercial markets.
We are a woman-owned 8(a) SDB headquartered in the heart of the technology corridor of Montgomery County Maryland. We also hold MBE status in the states of Maryland and Virginia.
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IT Services Summary
ST Net has core competencies and excellent credentials in key areas of Information Technology such as Network Engineering Services, Helpdesk Support Services, Security Engineering Services, Project Management Services, Operations Support Services, and Training Services.
Core Competencies - IT Services
Help Desk Support
Programming/Software Development
Project-based Services

IT Training Summary
ST Net has significantly enhanced our training capabilities by acquiring Orange Technologies, Inc., located in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Orange Technologies is a well-known 24-year old IT services company and has provided a wide range of computer training and related consulting and services to public and private sector clients in the United States and abroad. In addition, Orange Technical Institute is a Microsoft Certified Partner for Learning Solutions®, and has trained thousands of information technology specialists over the years, is now an integral part of ST Net’s operations.

Core Competencies - IT Training
Dedicated Classes
Custom Classes
Online Training
Boot Camps

Adobe Releases New Products

As ADOBE Systems works to understand the pains of its customers, it launched recently the Adobe Creative Suit 4 (CS4).

Ashley Wearne, managing director of Adobe Systems for Southeast Asia, said in a press briefing at the Ayala Museum in Makati Tuesday that people could now create more cool stuff with Adobe CS4.

According to Wearne, they focused on three aspects of delivering content - time savers, integration, and innovation - when they developed their new product.

With CS4, he said there will be increased productivity and visual expression. 'It is now possible to create a movie with the use of computer, but make it real".

Non-technical persons could also use Adobe CS4. "Our applications can be easily installed and we offer support too," said Wearne.

New Technology, Work and Employment

New Technology, Work and Employment
Edited by:Christopher Baldry
ISI Journal Citation Reports® Ranking: 2007: 48/81 (Management), 8/13 (Ergonomics) Impact Factor: 0.857

New Technology, Work and Employment presents analysis of the changing contours of technological and organisational systems and processes, to encourage an enhanced understanding of the many dimensions of technological change in the workplace. The journal is eclectic and multidisciplinary, inviting contributions from all the applied social sciences. Its objective is to promote understanding through conceptual debate firmly rooted in the analysis of current practice.